As of June 10, 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) has once again declared mpox a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). This significant announcement, made just hours ago, signals a growing crisis, particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and neighboring African countries. For anyone keeping an eye on global health trends, this development raises critical questions about the virus’s spread, its new strains, and what steps can be taken to protect communities worldwide. Let’s dive into the details of this emergency, explore the science behind it, and understand its implications moving forward.

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The Rise of Mpox in 2025

Mpox, a viral disease once overshadowed by its cousin smallpox, has re-emerged as a pressing concern. The WHO’s decision follows a sharp increase in cases, with over 17,845 confirmed infections reported this year alone—numbers that rival the total recorded in 2024. The epicenter of this outbreak lies in the DRC, where the virus has been present for over a decade. However, what sets 2025 apart is the rapid escalation and the emergence of a new strain known as clade 1b.

This strain, identified late last year, appears to spread primarily through sexual networks, a shift from previous transmission patterns. Its ability to cross borders has alarmed health experts, with cases now appearing in countries like Sweden and Thailand due to travelers returning from affected regions. This international spread prompted the WHO to act swiftly, marking the second mpox PHEIC in three years following a similar declaration in 2022.

Understanding the Mpox Threat

Mpox belongs to the same family of viruses as smallpox but tends to cause milder symptoms, including fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes. However, the severity varies depending on the strain. Clade 1, prevalent in Central Africa, has historically been linked to higher mortality rates, with some outbreaks claiming up to 10% of victims. The newer clade 1b strain heightens these concerns due to its increased transmissibility and potential for more severe outcomes, with a fatality rate estimated at 4% in some areas.

In contrast, clade 2, which drove the 2022 global outbreak affecting over 100,000 people across 122 countries, is less severe, with a survival rate exceeding 99.9%. The current mpox public health emergency focuses on clade 1b’s aggressive spread, particularly in eastern DRC, where more than 15,600 cases and 537 deaths have been reported this year. This surge, combined with limited diagnostic capabilities and vaccine access in affected regions, has turned a regional issue into a global priority.

Global Response and Vaccine Efforts

The declaration of a mpox public health emergency is more than a warning—it’s a call to action. The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) has stepped up, declaring the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security and mobilizing resources across the continent. A key move includes securing over 215,000 doses of the MVA-BN vaccine, the only one approved by the FDA and EMA for mpox. This vaccine distribution aims to prioritize the hardest-hit areas, ensuring equitable access and bolstering containment efforts.

On a global scale, the WHO is working with countries to issue temporary recommendations, focusing on surveillance, laboratory testing, and community engagement. The involvement of international partners, including the European Commission’s Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority, underscores the collaborative effort to curb the outbreak. Yet, challenges remain, including the need for enhanced diagnostic tools and public awareness to prevent further spread.

What This Means for the Future

The reclassification of mpox as a public health emergency highlights a shift in how the world addresses infectious diseases. After the 2022 outbreak was deemed under control by May 2023, the rapid return of the virus suggests that previous containment strategies may need reevaluation. The neglect of mpox in its early stages, particularly in Africa, allowed it to evolve and resurface with greater force. This lesson emphasizes the importance of sustained investment in health infrastructure and proactive monitoring.

For individuals, the risk remains low outside affected areas, but travelers to regions like Central Africa should stay informed about symptoms and preventive measures. Health authorities worldwide are urged to prepare for potential cases, especially given the virus’s ability to travel with global mobility. As research continues, the focus will likely shift toward developing more effective vaccines and treatments to stay ahead of evolving strains.

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Staying Informed and Prepared

The mpox public health emergency of 2025 serves as a reminder of the unpredictable nature of viral diseases. With the WHO and Africa CDC leading the charge, there is hope that coordinated efforts can limit the outbreak’s impact. For now, staying updated through reliable sources like the WHO and local health agencies is crucial. Whether you’re a concerned citizen or a traveler planning a trip, understanding the basics of mpox; its symptoms, spread, and prevention—can make a difference.

As this situation unfolds, the global community must remain vigilant. The fight against mpox is far from over, but with decisive action and international cooperation, there’s a path toward containment. Keep an eye on developments, support health initiatives, and let’s work together to address this challenge head-on.

High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a growing health concern in Nigeria, affecting millions of people and contributing to serious conditions like heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Monitoring your blood pressure regularly is crucial for the early detection and management of hypertension. With the right tools and knowledge, you can check your blood pressure at home conveniently and accurately. This guide provides a step-by-step approach to checking blood pressure at home in Nigeria, along with practical tips to ensure accurate readings and maintain optimal health.

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Why Monitor Blood Pressure at Home in Nigeria?

Hypertension is often called the “silent killer” because it may show no symptoms until it causes significant health issues. In Nigeria, factors like stress, poor diet, and limited access to healthcare facilities make blood pressure monitoring essential. Checking your blood pressure at home offers several benefits:

• Convenience: You can measure your blood pressure without frequent visits to a clinic.
• Cost-Effective: Home monitoring reduces medical expenses over time.
• Early Detection: Regular checks help identify abnormal readings early, allowing timely intervention.
• Comfort: Measuring at home is less stressful than in clinical settings, which can lead to more accurate blood pressure readings.

Given Nigeria’s unique challenges, such as unreliable power supply and limited access to healthcare in rural areas, a home blood pressure monitor is a practical investment for health-conscious individuals.

Choosing the Right Home Blood Pressure Monitor in Nigeria

Selecting a reliable blood pressure device is the first step to effective home monitoring. Here is what to consider when purchasing a monitor in Nigeria:

1. Type of Blood Pressure Monitor

There are two main types of home blood pressure monitors:

• Upper Arm Monitors: These are more accurate and recommended by health professionals. They use a cuff that wraps around the upper arm.
• Wrist Monitors: These are portable but less accurate due to wrist positioning challenges. They are suitable for those with mobility issues, but should be used cautiously.

For accurate blood pressure readings, opt for an upper arm monitor, as it aligns better with clinical standards.

2. Validation and Accuracy

Choose a monitor validated by international health organisations, such as the British Hypertension Society or the American Heart Association. Brands like Omron, Beurer, and Microlife are widely available in Nigeria and known for reliability.

3. Features to Look For

• Cuff Size: Ensure the cuff fits your arm (small, medium, or large). An improper fit can lead to inaccurate readings.
• Digital Display: A clear, easy-to-read display is essential, especially for elderly users.
• Memory Storage: Monitors that store multiple readings help track trends over time.
• Power Options: In Nigeria, where power outages are common, choose a device with battery and AC adapter options.

4. Where to Buy in Nigeria

You can purchase a blood pressure device from:

• Pharmacies in major cities like Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt.
• Online platforms like Jumia, Konga, or Jiji.
• Medical equipment stores in urban areas.

Prices range from ₦15,000 to ₦50,000, depending on the brand and features. Always verify the authenticity of the device to avoid counterfeit products.

Step-by-Step Guide to Checking Blood Pressure at Home

Once you have a reliable home blood pressure monitor, follow these steps to ensure accurate blood pressure readings:

Step 1: Prepare for the Measurement

• Rest: Sit quietly for 5–10 minutes before measuring. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, or smoking for at least 30 minutes, as these can affect readings.
• Comfortable Environment: Choose a quiet, comfortable room with a stable temperature. In Nigeria’s hot climate, ensure you are not overheated.
• Proper Positioning: Sit with your back straight, feet flat on the floor, and arm supported at heart level (e.g., on a table).

Step 2: Apply the Cuff

• Place the cuff on your bare upper arm, about 2–3 cm above the elbow.
• Ensure the cuff is snug but not too tight. You should be able to slide two fingers under it.
• Align the cuff’s artery mark (if present) with the brachial artery (inner arm).

Step 3: Take the Measurement

• Turn on the blood pressure device and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
• Remain still and silent during the measurement. Avoid moving or talking, as this can skew results.
• The device will inflate the cuff, then gradually deflate to measure your blood pressure.

Step 4: Record the Results

• Note the systolic (upper number) and diastolic (lower number) readings, along with the pulse rate.
• Take two or three readings, 1–2 minutes apart, and calculate the average for accuracy.
• Record the date, time, and readings in a logbook or the device’s memory.

Step 5: Interpret the Readings

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO):

• Normal: Below 120/80 mmHg
• Elevated: 120–129/<80 mmHg
• Hypertension Stage 1: 130–139/80–89 mmHg
• Hypertension Stage 2: ≥140/≥90 mmHg

If your readings consistently show hypertension in Nigeria, consult a healthcare provider immediately.

Tips for Accurate Blood Pressure Readings

To ensure your home blood pressure monitor provides reliable results, follow these tips:

• Measure at the Same Time Daily: Blood pressure fluctuates throughout the day. Morning and evening measurements are ideal for consistency.
• Avoid Common Errors:
• Don’t cross your legs or clench your fist during measurement.
• Ensure the cuff is at heart level.
• Avoid measuring immediately after eating or exercising.
• Calibrate Your Device: Have your blood pressure device checked against a professional monitor annually to ensure accuracy.
• Stay Relaxed: Stress or anxiety can elevate readings. Practice deep breathing before measuring.
• Use the Correct Arm: If your doctor recommends a specific arm, stick to it, as readings may vary slightly between arms.

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Challenges of Blood Pressure Monitoring in Nigeria

While home monitoring is effective, Nigeria presents unique challenges that users should address:

• Power Supply Issues: Frequent power outages can affect digital monitors. Keep spare batteries or a power bank handy.
• Counterfeit Devices: The market is flooded with fake monitors. Buy from reputable sources and check for certifications.
• Lack of Awareness: Many Nigerians are unaware of the importance of blood pressure monitoring. Educate family and friends to promote proactive health management.
• Cost Barriers: While monitors are affordable for some, they may be expensive for low-income households. Look for budget-friendly, validated models or explore community health programs.

Lifestyle Tips to Manage Hypertension in Nigeria

In addition to regular blood pressure monitoring, adopting a healthy lifestyle can help manage or prevent hypertension in Nigeria:

• Healthy Diet:
• Reduce salt intake, common in Nigerian dishes like jollof rice or stew.
• Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains like yams, beans, and plantains.
• Limit processed foods and sugary drinks.
• Exercise Regularly:
• Aim for 30 minutes of moderate activity, like brisk walking or dancing, 5 days a week.
• Incorporate activities suited to Nigeria’s climate, such as early morning walks to avoid heat.
• Manage Stress:
• Practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation.
• Engage in community activities or hobbies to reduce stress from daily challenges.
• Limit Alcohol and Quit Smoking:
• Excessive alcohol and smoking increase blood pressure. Seek support if quitting is difficult.
• Regular Check-Ups:
• Combine home monitoring with periodic visits to a doctor or clinic, especially if readings are consistently high.

Where to Seek Help in Nigeria

If your home blood pressure monitor shows abnormal readings, consult a healthcare professional. Options include:

• Hospitals and Clinics: Visit public or private hospitals in urban areas like Lagos, Abuja, or Enugu.
• Pharmacies: Many pharmacies offer free or low-cost blood pressure checks.
• Community Health Programs: Organisations like the Nigerian Heart Foundation provide education and screening for hypertension in Nigeria.

For urgent cases, such as readings above 180/120 mmHg with symptoms like chest pain or shortness of breath, seek emergency care immediately.

Conclusion

Checking blood pressure at home in Nigeria is a practical and empowering way to manage your health. By investing in a reliable home blood pressure monitor, following proper measurement techniques, and adopting a healthy lifestyle, you can take control of your heart health. Despite challenges like power outages and counterfeit devices, the benefits of regular blood pressure monitoring far outweigh the obstacles. Start monitoring today, stay informed, and consult a healthcare provider for personalised advice. Together, we can combat hypertension in Nigeria and build a healthier future.

The National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Nigeria is a vital initiative designed to provide accessible and affordable healthcare to all Nigerians. Established under Act 35 of 1999, the NHIS aims to alleviate the financial burden of medical expenses, especially for low-income households, by offering coverage for various healthcare services.

With rising medical costs and unpredictable health challenges, registering for the NHIS is a practical step toward securing your health and financial stability. In this guide, we will walk you through the detailed process of how to register for NHIS in Nigeria, highlight its benefits, and provide tips to ensure a smooth registration experience. By the end, you will be equipped with all the information needed to enroll and start enjoying the benefits of this essential healthcare scheme.

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What is the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS)?

The National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) is a government-run program in Nigeria that provides affordable healthcare services to citizens and legal residents. Its primary goal is to complement healthcare financing and improve access to quality medical services across the country. The NHIS covers a range of services, including preventive care, maternity services, consultations with specialists, and hospital care, making it a lifeline for many Nigerians facing high medical costs.

The scheme operates through various programs tailored to different groups, such as the formal sector, informal sector, and vulnerable populations. By enrolling in the NHIS, you contribute to a shared pool of funds managed by Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs), which pay for your medical expenses when needed. This system ensures that healthcare is more accessible and affordable, reducing out-of-pocket expenses during medical emergencies.

Why Register for NHIS in Nigeria?

Before diving into the steps for NHIS registration in Nigeria, let’s explore why enrolling in the NHIS is a smart decision:

• Affordable Healthcare: The NHIS significantly reduces the cost of medical services, making healthcare accessible to low- and middle-income households.
• Comprehensive Coverage: Enrollees gain access to preventive care, maternity services, specialist consultations, and hospital stays (up to 21 days per year in accredited facilities).
• Financial Protection: The scheme protects families from catastrophic health expenses, which can otherwise lead to financial strain or poverty.
• Wide Network of Providers: NHIS partners with accredited public and private healthcare facilities across Nigeria, ensuring you can access care near your location.
• Support for Vulnerable Groups: The NHIS includes programs for children under five, pregnant women, and other vulnerable populations, ensuring inclusivity.

By enrolling in the National Health Insurance Scheme, you secure peace of mind knowing that your healthcare needs are covered without breaking the bank.

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Who is Eligible for NHIS Registration?

The NHIS is designed to cater to various segments of the Nigerian population. Eligibility depends on the specific program you are applying for:

1. Formal Sector: This includes employees in the public sector (federal, state, or local government), organized private sector, and uniformed services (e.g., police, armed forces). Employers typically register employees under the Formal Sector Social Health Insurance Programme (FSSHIP).
2. Informal Sector: This covers self-employed individuals, small business owners, and others not in formal employment. Programs under this category include the Voluntary Contributors Social Health Insurance Programme and Community-Based Social Health Insurance Programmes.
3. Vulnerable Groups: This includes children under five, pregnant women, physically challenged individuals, prison inmates, and refugees.

Understanding your eligibility category is crucial before starting the NHIS registration process, as it determines the specific steps and requirements.

Step-by-Step Guide to Register for NHIS in Nigeria

The process of how to enroll in NHIS varies slightly depending on whether you are in the formal or informal sector. Below is a detailed guide to help you navigate the registration process.

Step 1: Determine Your Eligibility Category

Identify whether you fall under the formal sector, informal sector, or vulnerable group category. If you are employed in a company with at least ten employees, your employer is likely responsible for registering you under the FSSHIP. For self-employed individuals or voluntary contributors, you will need to register independently.

Step 2: Choose a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)

The NHIS operates through accredited HMOs, which manage the funds and coordinate healthcare services. To register, you must select an HMO from the list of NHIS-accredited providers. You can find this list on the official NHIS website (www.nhis.gov.ng) or by visiting an NHIS office. Some popular HMOs in Nigeria include Hygeia HMO, Axa Mansard, and United Healthcare.

When choosing an HMO, consider:

• Reputation and Reliability: Research the HMO’s track record and customer reviews.
• Coverage Area: Ensure the HMO has a network of healthcare providers in your state or local government area (LGA).
• Service Quality: Check the list of healthcare facilities partnered with the HMO to ensure they meet your needs.

Step 3: Gather Required Documents

To complete your NHIS registration in Nigeria, you will need to provide certain documents. These may vary slightly depending on the program, but common requirements include:

• Valid identification (e.g., National Identification Number (NIN), driver’s license, or international passport).
• Proof of address (e.g., utility bill or tenancy agreement).
• Recent passport-sized photographs.
• Birth certificates for dependents (if registering a family plan).
• Payment receipts or proof of payment for voluntary contributors.

For formal sector employees, your employer will typically handle documentation and coordinate with the HMO.

Step 4: Obtain a Registration Voucher (For Informal Sector)

If you are registering as a voluntary contributor in the informal sector, visit your chosen HMO to purchase a registration voucher. The cost varies depending on the program:

• Individual Plans: Approximately ₦9,000 per person annually.
• Family Plans: Between ₦125,000 and ₦650,000, depending on the HMO and coverage level.
• National Mobile Health Insurance Program (NMHIP): ₦12,000 per person annually.

Keep the voucher safe, as you will need it to complete the online registration process.

Step 5: Register Online or In-Person

The NHIS offers both online and in-person registration options for convenience:

Online Registration

1. Visit the NHIS registration portal (www.nhis.gov.ng or www.akshia.com).
2. Select the “Voluntary Contributors” or relevant program option.
3. Enter your details, including your full name, date of birth, address, and NIN.
4. Provide the voucher number obtained from your HMO.
5. Choose your preferred healthcare facility from the list of NHIS-accredited providers in your state or LGA.
6. Select a payment method and complete the transaction.
7. Submit your application and save the confirmation receipt.

In-Person Registration

1. Visit the nearest NHIS office or an accredited HMO office. For example, the NHIS Lagos Zonal Office is located at 443 Herbert Macaulay Way, Yaba, Lagos.
2. Submit your documents and voucher (if applicable).
3. Complete the registration form provided by the NHIS or HMO staff.
4. Choose your preferred healthcare facility and confirm your payment.

Step 6: Verify Your Registration

After submitting your application, you will receive a confirmation of your enrollment. You can verify your NHIS registration status online by visiting the NHIS website and entering your details. If your details don’t appear, contact your HMO or the nearest NHIS office for clarification.

Step 7: Receive Your NHIS Card

Once your registration is approved, you will receive an NHIS card, which serves as proof of enrollment. This card allows you to access healthcare services at accredited facilities. Keep it safe and present it whenever you visit a healthcare provider.

NHIS Benefits: What Does It Cover?

Enrolling in the National Health Insurance Scheme comes with numerous benefits, making it a valuable investment for your health. Some key NHIS benefits include:

• Preventive Care: Immunizations, health education, family planning, and antenatal/postnatal care.
• Hospital Care: Coverage for hospital stays in standard wards for up to 21 days per year (non-military facilities) or unlimited in military facilities.
• Maternity Services: Full coverage for pregnancy, delivery, and postnatal care, including stillbirths and premature births.
• Specialist Consultations: Access to physicians, obstetricians, surgeons, and other specialists.
• Diagnostic Tests and Medications: Coverage for tests and drugs listed in the NHIS Diagnostic Test and Drug Lists.
• Eye Care: Eye examinations and low-cost spectacles (excluding contact lenses).
• Prostheses: Limited coverage for locally produced prostheses.

These benefits ensure that enrollees receive comprehensive healthcare coverage in Nigeria without the burden of high out-of-pocket costs.

Tips for a Smooth NHIS Registration Process

To ensure a hassle-free registration experience, keep these tips in mind:

• Research HMOs Thoroughly: Compare HMOs based on their network, reputation, and customer service.
• Double-Check Documents: Ensure all documents are complete and accurate to avoid delays.
• Choose a Convenient Healthcare Facility: Select a provider close to your home or workplace for easy access.
• Stay Informed: Regularly check the NHIS website or contact their support team for updates on registration processes or accredited facilities.
• Contact NHIS for Support: If you encounter issues, reach out to NHIS via phone (+234 0805-928-2008, +234 0808-328-0131) or email (support@nhis.gov.ng).

Challenges and Considerations

While the NHIS is a commendable initiative, it’s not without challenges. Only about 5% of Nigerians are currently covered, due to issues like underfunding, inadequate legal frameworks, and inconsistent service delivery. Some enrollees report difficulties in accessing certain services or navigating HMO policies. To address these, the NHIS is working to improve transparency, recover misappropriated funds (e.g., ₦900 million recovered by the EFCC in 2022), and expand coverage.

When registering, be aware that some services may require out-of-pocket payments if they are not covered under your plan. Always verify what is included with your HMO or healthcare provider to avoid surprises.

Conclusion

Registering for the National Health Insurance Scheme is a proactive step toward securing affordable and accessible healthcare in Nigeria. By following the steps outlined in this guide—determining your eligibility, choosing an HMO, gathering documents, and completing the registration process—you can enjoy the numerous NHIS benefits and protect yourself from unexpected medical expenses. Whether you are in the formal or informal sector, the NHIS offers tailored programs to meet your needs, making healthcare coverage in Nigeria more inclusive and equitable.

Take action today by visiting the NHIS website or your nearest NHIS office to start your NHIS registration in Nigeria. With the right preparation, you can navigate the process smoothly and gain peace of mind knowing your healthcare needs are covered. If you have questions or need assistance, don’t hesitate to contact NHIS or your chosen HMO for support.