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Who created 19 States in Nigeria?

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nigeria independence
Nigeria’s history has come a long way and has many dark pages that also involve the tussle for power. The history of the creation of states has led to the federation of Nigeria this day with 36 States up-to-date is still causes a problem because it was not fully done in agreement and Nigeria is still having the minority problems. some of the trails feel marginalized because they don’t have enough states like the northern part. The history of states in Nigeria there is a very large topic but let’s delve briefly into it in order to understand better how it all got to the creation of 19 States in Nigeria. It was during the 19th century when the colonialist came and took over power from Nigerian traditional leaders of separate tribes they dominated and now established their authority in different regions of Nigeria. These areas are being labeled as protectorates. send been in Nigeria we have three protective’s make sure the northern protectorates Lagos and oil river. it was done in 1914 that these three protectorates were amalgamated and it led to the birth of a new country called Nigeria. The British has placed significance in three major regions of governance in Nigeria in 1954 and they were the Eastern Western and northern provinces. I have a letter on a 1960 Nigeria gained independence and took over power and domination from the British empire. That was the year Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe who was the governor-general of the Eastern region took over the mantle of governance from the British empire and became the president while Sir Tafewa Balewa got elected as its prime minister no he got killed after 6 years. Over when Nigeria became a republic in 1963 between 10 and 1967 four regions emerged in Nigeria and they were northern region, western region, midwestern region, and the Eastern region. When the coup happened and Sir Tafewa Balewa got killed, general Yakubu Gowon took over power in 1967 and he created the new States in Nigeria. He split the three major regions in Nigeria into 12 States and they are North-Western State, Kaduna State, Kano State, North-Eastern State, Kwara, Benue-Plateau State, Western State, East-Central state, Lagos State, Mid-Western (Bendel) State, Cross River State and Rivers State. After that, when General Murtala Mohammed came into power in 1976 he created the 19 States in Nigeria. This answers to the question of who created 19 states in Nigeria. And this was how he did it he capped out the federal capital territory Abuja from niger state and divided the North-Western States into niger and Sokoto. Bauchi, Gongola, and Borno was created out from the northeastern state. Plateau and Benue were carved out of the Benue-Plateau. He then split the Western States into Ogun, Ondo, and Oyo. He brought out Anambra and IMO from the East central state and this helped complete it 36 states of Nigeria by 1976. They are: Ondo, Cross River, Rivers, Oyo, Niger, Borno, Kano, Sokoto, Kaduna, Ogun, Lagos, Kwara, Bendel, Gongola, Bauchi, Anambra, Imo, Plateau and Benue. The current federal capital territory is Abuja and he got created on February 3rd 1976. Remember I said Abuja was derived from northwestern north-central and the Benue Plateau States. However, even though Nigeria has the two States which might look like it is very comfortable but the issue is Nigeria has been having minor issues since its creation of states. A country of more than 250 ethnic groups and a population of over 200 million. Nigeria has at least three major ethnic groups in Nigeria which are Igbo, Hausa, and Yoruba. While there are other minorities like Tiv, Edo, Nupe, Ibibio, Ijaw, Kanuri, and Fulani. And due to this minority ethnic group that has been all right and political crisis because they demand their own share of states in Nigeria even while the Igbos seek independence as Biafra from Nigeria. The federal republic of Nigeria is divsioned into 36 sovereign state which are bound together by a Federal government. while it might seem confusing the federal capital territory is not a state but is under Federal government control. However, to step down the government to the local people are bringing grassroots governance the state have been divided into 774 local government. Nigerian constitution enables States to ratify a constitutional amendment. Let’s take a brief look at the man that created 19 States in Nigeria and that is General Murtala Mohammed. He was born at the 8th of November 1938 and died on 13th February 1976 in a military coup. Before his assassination in 1976, he was the Nigerian army general as well as the fourth Head of State in Nigeria.
Who formed the first political party in Nigeria?
He was born in 1938 into a high ruling class family in Kano. Muhammad was against the regime of Johnson and Johnson Ironsi after the first seized power on the 15th of January 1966 from the government of Sir Tafewa Balewa and Nnamdi Azikiwe. Because this coup d etat targeted the northern leader and took him out of office the northern leaders mounted pressure on Muhammad to avenge the coup. Most especially they raised a brow when Aguiyi ironsi promulgated the decree number 34 which will restructure Nigeria from a federal structure to a unitary structure where the power will reside at the middle. When this happened the northern leaders began to worry and even thought of separating from Nigeria. When the civil war started Muhammad was made commander of the newly set-up infantry second division. This infantry was charged with the responsibility of beating back Biafra army as they approached the Midwestern region. We also supposed to prevent them from advancing from enugu state. The division acted suspiciously in asaba because there was a mass murder of civilians by troops in 1967. This troops in question was General Mohammed’s command. His division lead the war which caused the civilian massacres which happened in Onitsha and isheagu. Murtala Mohammed got into power on 29th July 1975 by overthrowing General Yakubu Gowon who was out of the country attending the 12th summit of organization of African unity in Kampala Uganda.
Abia
Adamawa
Akwa Ibom
Anambra
Bauchi
Bayelsa
Benue
Borno
Cross River
Delta
Ebonyi
Enugu
Edo
Ekiti
Gombe
Imo
Jigawa
Kaduna
Kano
Katsina
Kebbi
Kogi
Kwara
Lagos
Nasarawa
Niger
Ogun
Ondo
Osun
Oyo
Plateau
Rivers
Sokoto
Taraba
Yobe
Zamfara
 


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Digital Skills and Entrepreneurship: The Twin Engines Africa Needs

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Digital Skills and Entrepreneurship: The Twin Engines Africa Needs

Digital Skills and Entrepreneurship: The Twin Engines Africa Needs

Africa’s population is its greatest asset and, if we get the next decade wrong, its greatest missed opportunity. By 2030, hundreds of millions of young Africans will be entering the workforce. The question that should keep every policymaker, educator, and business leader on the continent awake at night is simple: what will these young people actually be able to do?

I have spent the last several years building a company around a conviction that shapes everything we do at MODE Digital Creations: Africa’s economic future will not be decided by the resources beneath our soil, but by the skills inside our people. Digital skills training and entrepreneurship are not parallel tracks running alongside economic development — they are the tracks economic development runs on.

The Skills Gap Is Not a Future Problem, It’s a Present One

We often talk about the “future of work” as though it’s a distant horizon. It isn’t. The future of work is already here, and it is digital. Yet across much of Africa, our education systems are still preparing children for an economy that no longer exists in its old form. A student can graduate secondary school having never typed a document, built a spreadsheet, or understood how the internet actually works as a tool for commerce and communication.

This is why we made the decision, from the very start, to focus digital skills training on school-age children rather than waiting until university or the job market to intervene. Skills compound. A twelve-year-old who learns to code, to think computationally, and to see technology as something they can build with — not just consume — carries that advantage for the rest of their working life. We are not just teaching children to use computers; we are teaching them to see themselves as creators, not just consumers, of digital tools.

But training children is only half the equation. Schools themselves are institutions under enormous administrative strain, often run on paper records and manual processes that consume time and resources better spent on teaching. This is why we also build School Management System tools — because digital transformation has to happen at the institutional level too, not just in the classroom. An efficiently run school is a school with more capacity to actually educate.

Entrepreneurship Is the Multiplier

Here is where I think the conversation about Africa’s digital future often falls short: skills alone do not transform economies. Skills need an outlet. And for most young Africans, that outlet will not be a job at a large corporation — it will be a business they build themselves.

Africa already has the highest rate of entrepreneurial activity in the world by necessity. What we lack is not the entrepreneurial spirit but the infrastructure to let that spirit succeed at scale. This is precisely why access to affordable web hosting and domain registration matters so much more than it might appear on the surface. A small trader in Enugu or a tailor in Kano with a website and a registered domain is no longer confined to foot traffic in a local market — they are, in principle, competing and trading on the same internet as businesses anywhere in the world.

When we help small and medium enterprises take their businesses online, we are not just providing a technical service. We are handing them a multiplier. A business with a digital presence can reach customers beyond its immediate geography, build trust through a professional online identity, and operate with the kind of visibility that used to require far more capital than most SMEs have access to.

Where the Two Meet

The real transformation happens where digital skills training and entrepreneurship intersect. A generation trained from childhood to think digitally does not need to be convinced to start online businesses later — it is second nature to them. And an SME support ecosystem that makes it easy and affordable to get online ensures that when these digitally fluent young people are ready to build something, the infrastructure is there to support them.

This is not a theoretical pipeline. It is one we see working in practice: children we have trained who go on to build small digital projects of their own; school administrators who, freed from manual paperwork, invest more energy into curriculum; small business owners who, for the first time, have customers finding them online rather than only through word of mouth.

What Needs to Happen Next

None of this, scales on the effort of individual companies alone. If Africa is serious about turning its demographic weight into economic strength, three things need to happen faster than they currently are:

First, digital literacy needs to be treated as a foundational subject, not an elective — embedded in curricula from primary school, not introduced as an afterthought in secondary school or left entirely to private providers like us to fill the gap.

Second, the cost of digital infrastructure — hosting, domains, payment processing, connectivity — needs to keep coming down, and policy should actively support that, because every naira an SME doesn’t have to spend on infrastructure is a naira it can spend on growth.

Third, we need far more patient capital and support directed at the companies doing this unglamorous, foundational work of digital enablement. The flashy consumer apps get the headlines, but the infrastructure layer — training, tools, and access — is what everything else is built on.

Africa does not need to wait for a future economy to arrive. The tools to build it are already available. What is required now is the discipline to put digital skills and entrepreneurial capability into the hands of as many young Africans as possible, as early as possible, and to keep clearing the path so that what they build can actually reach the world.

That is the work we have committed ourselves to at MODE Digital Creations. It is work I believe every serious stakeholder in Africa’s future needs to be part of.

Davids Ogan is the Managing Director of MODE Digital Creations Limited.


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How to Bet Responsibly on Sports Events: A Comprehensive Guide

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How to Practice Responsible Betting on Sports Events

Sports betting has surged in popularity, offering fans an exciting way to engage with their favorite games. However, with the thrill of potential winnings comes the need for caution and discipline. Responsible betting ensures that this activity remains enjoyable without leading to financial or emotional distress. In this guide, we will explore how to bet responsibly on sports events, covering strategies, tips, and tools to help you maintain control while enhancing your betting experience. Whether you are a novice or a seasoned bettor, this article provides actionable insights to keep your betting habits healthy and sustainable.

Understanding Responsible Betting

Responsible betting is about enjoying sports betting as a form of entertainment while minimizing risks to your finances, mental health, and relationships. It involves setting clear boundaries, making informed decisions, and recognizing when to step back. Unlike reckless gambling, responsible betting prioritizes discipline and self-awareness, ensuring that the activity remains fun rather than stressful.

With the rise of online sportsbooks and mobile betting apps, access to betting markets has never been easier. However, this convenience can lead to impulsive decisions if not approached with care. Below, we outline key principles and sports betting strategies to help you bet responsibly and maintain a healthy relationship with this pastime.

1. Set a Budget and Stick to It

One of the cornerstones of responsible betting is bankroll management. Before placing any bets, decide how much money you can afford to spend without affecting your essential expenses, such as rent, bills, or savings. This amount is your betting budget, or “bankroll.”

How to Manage Your Bankroll:

  • Define a Fixed Budget: Treat your betting budget as entertainment expenses, similar to going to the movies or dining out. Never use money earmarked for necessities.
  • Use a Percentage-Based Approach: A common sports betting tip is to wager only 1-5% of your bankroll on a single bet. This minimizes the risk of significant losses in one go.
  • Track Your Bets: Keep a record of your wagers, wins, and losses. This helps you stay accountable and identify patterns in your betting behavior.
  • Avoid Borrowing Money: Never borrow funds or use credit to bet, as this can lead to a cycle of debt.

By practicing strict bankroll management, you ensure that betting remains a controlled activity, preventing financial strain even during a losing streak.

2. Educate Yourself About Sports Betting

Knowledge is power when it comes to sports betting strategies. The more you understand the sports, teams, and betting markets, the better equipped you are to make informed decisions rather than relying on luck or gut feelings.

Steps to Improve Your Betting Knowledge:

  • Research the Sport: Study team performance, player statistics, injuries, and other factors that could influence the outcome of a game. For example, in football, understanding a team’s defensive record or a key player’s injury status can guide your betting choices.
  • Learn Betting Terms: Familiarize yourself with terms like “moneyline,” “spread,” “over/under,” and “parlay.” Knowing how odds work and what they represent helps you assess potential risks and rewards.
  • Follow Expert Analysis: Read sports betting blogs, listen to podcasts, or follow reputable tipsters on platforms like X to gain insights. However, always cross-check advice before acting on it.
  • Start Small: If you’re new to betting, begin with simpler bets, such as moneyline or point spread bets, before exploring complex options like accumulators.

By investing time in learning, you reduce the likelihood of impulsive bets and increase your chances of making thoughtful wagers, a key aspect of safe gambling.

3. Set Time and Money Limits

Betting responsibly means setting boundaries not only for your money but also for the time you spend on betting activities. Excessive betting can consume hours, leading to neglect of other responsibilities or hobbies.

How to Set Limits:

  • Time Limits: Decide how much time you’ll dedicate to researching and placing bets each week. For example, limit yourself to 1-2 hours per day or a few hours over the weekend.
  • Deposit Limits: Many online sportsbooks allow you to set daily, weekly, or monthly deposit limits. Use these tools to cap how much you can spend.
  • Loss Limits: Determine a maximum amount you’re willing to lose in a session or week. If you hit this limit, stop betting and take a break.
  • Use Betting Tools: Platforms often offer features like reality checks (pop-up reminders of time spent) or self-exclusion options for temporary breaks.

Setting limits reinforces discipline and prevents betting from becoming an all-consuming activity, aligning with the principles of safe gambling.

4. Avoid Chasing Losses

One of the biggest pitfalls in sports betting is chasing losses—placing larger or riskier bets to recover money lost in previous wagers. This behavior often leads to even greater losses and can spiral out of control.

How to Avoid Chasing Losses:

  • Accept Losses as Part of Betting: No bettor wins every time. Losses are inevitable, and viewing them as part of the experience helps maintain perspective.
  • Stick to Your Strategy: Follow your pre-set sports betting strategies and avoid deviating from your plan in the heat of the moment.
  • Take Breaks: If you experience a losing streak, step away for a day or two to reset emotionally. This prevents impulsive decisions driven by frustration.
  • Focus on Long-Term Goals: Instead of trying to “win back” losses immediately, aim for consistent, small gains over time through disciplined betting.

By resisting the urge to chase losses, you protect your bankroll and maintain a healthy mindset, key components of responsible betting.

5. Recognise the Signs of Problem Gambling

Even with the best intentions, betting can become problematic if not monitored. Being aware of the signs of problem gambling is crucial for maintaining safe gambling habits.

Warning Signs to Watch For:

  • Betting more than you can afford to lose.
  • Feeling anxious, stressed, or irritable when not betting.
  • Neglecting responsibilities, relationships, or hobbies due to betting.
  • Hiding your betting activities from friends or family.
  • Constantly thinking about betting or planning your next wager.

What to Do if You Notice These Signs:

  • Use Self-Exclusion Tools: Many betting platforms allow you to temporarily or permanently block access to your account.
  • Seek Support: Reach out to organizations like Gamblers Anonymous or BeGambleAware for confidential advice and resources.
  • Talk to Someone: Share your concerns with a trusted friend or family member to gain perspective and accountability.

By staying vigilant and addressing issues early, you can prevent betting from negatively impacting your life.

6. Choose Reputable Betting Platforms

To ensure safe gambling, always use licensed and regulated sportsbooks. Reputable platforms offer secure transactions, fair odds, and responsible gambling tools to support users.

Tips for Choosing a Sportsbook:

  • Check Licensing: Ensure the platform is licensed by a recognized authority, such as the UK Gambling Commission or Malta Gaming Authority.
  • Read Reviews: Look for user reviews on trusted sites or platforms like X to gauge the sportsbook’s reliability.
  • Explore Responsible Gambling Features: Opt for platforms that offer deposit limits, self-exclusion, and reality checks.
  • Verify Payment Options: Choose sportsbooks with secure payment methods and clear withdrawal policies.

Using a reputable platform enhances your betting experience and provides peace of mind, aligning with responsible betting practices.

7. Treat Betting as Entertainment, Not Income

One of the most important sports betting tips is to view betting as a recreational activity, not a way to make money. While occasional wins are exciting, relying on betting for income is risky and unsustainable.

How to Maintain the Right Mindset:

  • Set Realistic Expectations: Understand that the house always has an edge, and consistent profits are unlikely.
  • Celebrate Small Wins: Enjoy the thrill of winning without expecting every bet to pay off.
  • Diversify Your Hobbies: Balance betting with other activities, such as playing sports, reading, or socializing, to avoid over-reliance on betting for enjoyment.

By treating betting as entertainment, you reduce pressure and keep the experience lighthearted.

8. Stay Emotionally Detached

Emotions can cloud judgment, leading to impulsive or irrational bets. Whether it’s betting on your favorite team out of loyalty or doubling down after a win, emotional decisions often undermine responsible betting.

How to Stay Objective:

  • Avoid Betting on Your Favorite Team: Bias can lead to poor judgment, so consider skipping bets involving teams you’re emotionally invested in.
  • Don’t Bet Under the Influence: Alcohol or stress can impair decision-making, so only bet when you’re clear-headed.
  • Follow Data, Not Feelings: Base your bets on research and statistics rather than hunches or excitement.

Staying emotionally detached enhances your ability to make rational decisions, a hallmark of effective sports betting strategies.

Conclusion

Betting on sports events can be an exhilarating way to engage with your favorite sports, but it requires discipline and mindfulness to stay in control. By practicing responsible betting, implementing bankroll management, and using sports betting strategies, you can enjoy the thrill of betting without compromising your financial or emotional well-being. Set clear budgets, educate yourself, use reputable platforms, and stay aware of problem gambling signs to ensure a positive experience.

If you are ready to start betting responsibly, take the first step by setting a budget and exploring licensed sportsbooks with robust responsible gambling tools. For more sports betting tips and resources, check out platforms like BeGambleAware or follow expert discussions on X. Stay informed, stay disciplined, and enjoy the game responsibly!


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Nigeria Driver’s License Price Hike Starts Tomorrow: What You Need to Know

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Driver’s License Fees Rise in Nigeria Starting June 8

As of tomorrow, June 8, 2025, getting or renewing a driver’s license in Nigeria will cost more. The Joint Tax Board has approved a new pricing structure that raises the cost of a driver’s license for motor vehicles to ₦15,000 for three years and ₦21,000 for five years. For tricycle operators, the fees are set at ₦7,000 and ₦11,000 for the same durations. This change, effective just a day from now, has sparked discussions across the country about its impact on drivers and the economy. If you’re wondering why this Nigeria driver’s license price hike is happening and how it affects you, this article breaks it all down.

Why the Nigeria Driver’s License Price Hike?

The decision to increase driver’s license fees stems from the need to improve the licensing process. Official statements suggest that the rise covers enhanced security features on licenses and rising production costs. These updates aim to make the system more efficient and secure, addressing long-standing issues like fraud and delays. The Federal Road Safety Corps, working with the Joint Tax Board, believes this adjustment will support better road safety and service delivery across Nigeria.

However, the timing couldn’t be worse for many. With vehicle ownership already a significant expense, this hike adds to the financial pressure on individuals and businesses. Some point out that the process itself—requiring payments for driving school certificates and biometric captures—can push total costs even higher, sometimes exceeding the new official rates.

The Current Licensing Process

Obtaining a driver’s license in Nigeria involves several steps:

  1. Fill out forms online.
  2. Make payments.
  3. Visit designated centers for tests and biometric data collection.

The process can take time, especially in areas where Federal Road Safety Corps offices lack reliable network coverage. Starting June 8, 2025, these steps will follow the new fee structure, and authorities have urged all motor vehicle licensing offices to adopt the changes immediately.

For those renewing their licenses, the option to apply 30 days before expiry remains, offering a chance to plan ahead. Yet, with the increased costs, many are questioning whether the system will truly become more streamlined or if delays will persist.

Economic Context and Broader Impacts

This Nigeria driver’s license price hike comes at a challenging economic moment. Nigeria’s vehicle market is already influenced by import tariffs, with the Nigerian Automotive Industry Development Plan imposing high duties on imported cars. Recent global trade shifts, including potential U.S. auto tariffs, could further drive up vehicle prices, making the new licensing fees feel like an added burden. For tricycle operators and small business owners who rely on affordable transportation, the increase from ₦7,000 to ₦11,000 for a five-year license might strain budgets even more.

The goal is to enhance road safety and compliance, but the economic ripple effects could hit hardest those least able to afford it. As Nigeria navigates these changes, the balance between improved services and accessibility will be key.

What This Means for Drivers

If you’re planning to get a new driver’s license or renew an existing one, now is the time to act. The new rates take effect tomorrow, so completing the process today could save you money. Visit a National Vehicle Identification Authority office or check the official Federal Road Safety Corps website for the latest details. Be prepared for potential queues and ensure all required documents are ready to avoid delays.

For long-term planning, consider how this Nigeria driver’s license price hike fits into your transportation costs. Whether you drive a car or operate a tricycle, budgeting for the change will be essential moving forward.

Looking Ahead

The Nigeria driver’s license price hike marks a significant shift in how the country manages its road safety infrastructure. While the focus on security and efficiency is commendable, the increased costs highlight the need for a more accessible system. As the policy rolls out, it will be interesting to see how the government addresses public concerns and whether additional support measures emerge.

Stay informed about updates from the Federal Road Safety Corps and the Joint Tax Board. With proper planning, you can navigate this change smoothly. For now, the clock is ticking—tomorrow brings a new era for driver’s licenses in Nigeria.


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